Perfiles de respuesta a la educación personalizada en personas con Diabetes tipo 2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70625/rlce/1053Palabras clave:
Educación personalizada, Diabetes tipo 2, Perfiles de respuestaResumen
El estudio se orientó a analizar los perfiles de respuesta a la educación personalizada en personas adultas con diabetes tipo 2, considerando el conocimiento de la enfermedad, la adherencia terapéutica, el control glucémico y la integración social. Se desarrolló una investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva e inferencial, con diseño cuasiexperimental y mediciones antes y después de la intervención. Participaron 150 personas seleccionadas mediante muestreo no probabilístico consecutivo, distribuidas en un grupo de intervención y otro de comparación, con 75 integrantes cada uno. Se aplicaron cuestionarios estructurados, registros clínicos y mediciones de hemoglobina glucosilada y glucemia en ayunas. Los datos se examinaron mediante estadística descriptiva y pruebas inferenciales. El grupo de intervención presentó una reducción media de 0,96 puntos porcentuales en la hemoglobina glucosilada, junto con mejoras en conocimiento, adherencia e integración social. El 72,0 % alcanzó un perfil de respuesta integral, frente a ningún participante del grupo de comparación. Las diferencias entre grupos fueron estadísticamente significativas (p inferior a 0,001). Se concluye que la educación personalizada se asoció con una evolución favorable en dimensiones clínicas, educativas y sociales. La heterogeneidad de las respuestas respalda la necesidad de adaptar el acompañamiento a las características y necesidades individuales y fortalecer su continuidad durante las etapas terapéuticas.
Descargas
Referencias
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes. (2026a). 6. Glycemic goals, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemic crises: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care, 49(Supplement_1), S132–S149. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc26-S006
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes. (2026b). 5. Facilitating positive health behaviors and well-being to improve health outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care, 49(Supplement_1), S89–S131. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc26-S005
Asmat, K., Froelicher, E. S., Dhamani, K. A., Gul, R., & Khan, N. (2024). Effect of patient-centered self-management intervention on glycemic control, self-efficacy, and self-care behaviors in South Asian adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. Journal of Diabetes, 16(9), e13611. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.13611
Butayeva, J., Ratan, Z. A., Downie, S., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2023). The impact of health literacy interventions on glycemic control and self-management outcomes among type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Journal of Diabetes, 15(9), 724–735. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.13436
Chen, C., Zhou, Y., Xu, J.-Y., Song, H.-Y., Yin, X.-W., & Gu, Z.-J. (2024). Effect of peer support interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review. Patient Education and Counseling, 122, 108172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2024.108172
Chowdhury, H. A., Harrison, C. L., Siddiquea, B. N., Tissera, S., Afroz, A., Ali, L., Joham, A. E., & Billah, B. (2024). The effectiveness of diabetes self-management education intervention on glycaemic control and cardiometabolic risk in adults with type 2 diabetes in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 19(2), e0297328. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297328
Diriba, D. C., Leung, D. Y. P., & Suen, L. K. P. (2024). Nurse-led self-management education and support programme on self-management behaviour and quality of life among adults with type 2 diabetes: A pilot randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 30(2), e13245. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.13245
Dughmosh, R., Hamdan, A., Moghassabi, W., Al-Kahlout, L., Syed, A., Alwisi, N., Al-Sharif, N., Othman, M., & Doi, S. A. R. (2026). Glycemic trajectory after face-to-face diabetes self-management education: A dose-response meta-analysis. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 238, 113375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113375
El Chaar, D., El Berri, H., Byström, M., Hag, E., Mahmoud, L., Hammerich, A., Pataky, Z., Correia, J. C., & El Khoury, C. F. (2025). Effects of therapeutic patient education interventions on diabetes self-management outcomes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 25, 3828. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24721-w
Genitsaridi, I., Salpea, P., Salim, A., Sajjadi, S. F., Tomic, D., James, S., Thirunavukkarasu, S., Issaka, A., Chen, L., Basit, A., Luk, A. O. Y., Ma, R. C. W., Mbanya, J.-C., Ramachandran, A., Wild, S. H., Duncan, B. B., Boyko, E. J., & Magliano, D. J. (2026). 11th edition of the IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional, and national diabetes prevalence estimates for 2024 and projections for 2050. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 14(2), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00299-2
Harrison, Z., Seehusen, D. A., & Ledford, C. J. W. (2024). Social connectedness and diabetes self-management across the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed methods study. Families, Systems, & Health, 42(4), 594–607. https://doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000896
Hellebo, A., Kengne, A. P., Obse, A., Levitt, N., Myers, B., Cleary, S., & Alaba, O. (2024). Social determinants of health and diabetes self-care management in South Africa. BMC Public Health, 24, 2806. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20200-w
Hiefner, A. R., Raman, S., & Woods, S. B. (2024). Family support and type 2 diabetes self-management behaviors in underserved Latino/a/x patients. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 58(7), 477–487. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaae023
İşleyen, E. K., & Özdemir, İ. N. (2024). The effect of stigmatization on diabetes health promotion self-care behaviours and predictors of stigma and self-care behaviours in individuals with type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 30(6), e13316. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.13316
Jiang, X., Jiang, H., & Li, M. (2024). The role of self-efficacy enhancement in improving self-management behavior for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, 17, 3131–3138. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S460864
Lee, D., Yang, Q., Crowley, M. J., Hatch, D., Pennington, G., Matters, D., & Shaw, R. J. (2025). Chronic illness self-management latent profiles in individuals with comorbid type 2 diabetes and hypertension. The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care, 51(3), 250–261. https://doi.org/10.1177/26350106251336311
Ly, A. L., Flynn, P. M., & Betancourt, H. M. (2024). Cultural beliefs about diabetes-related social exclusion and diabetes distress impact self-care behaviors and HbA1c among patients with type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31(4), 491–502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-023-10179-w
Puig-García, M., Henriques, A., Bravo-Díaz, A., Sanchís-Ramón, M. J., Amorim, M., Morales-Garzón, S., Pinto-Delgado, J., Chilet-Rosell, E., & Parker, L. A. (2025). Untangling the role of social support in type 2 diabetes: Insights from a mixed methods study in Quito, Ecuador. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1668181. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1668181
Romadlon, D. S., Tu, Y.-K., Chen, Y.-C., Hasan, F., Kurniawan, R., & Chiu, H.-Y. (2024). Comparative effects of diabetes self-management programs on type 2 diabetes clinical outcomes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 40(6), e3840. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3840
Sun, J., Fan, Z., Kou, M., Wang, X., Yue, Z., & Zhang, M. (2025). Impact of nurse-led self-management education on type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1622988. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1622988
Versluis, A., Boels, A. M., Huijden, M. C. G., Mijnsbergen, M. D., Rutten, G. E. H. M., & Vos, R. C. (2025). Diabetes self-management education and support delivered by mobile health (mHealth) interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes—A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetic Medicine, 42(5), e70002. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.70002
Wu, S., Liu, Y., Zhao, F., Lin, K., Wu, Q., Li, C., Wang, L., & Zhang, R. (2025). Effects of social network-based health education on older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. Research in Nursing & Health, 48(5), 607–616. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.70006
Yimer, Y. S., Addissie, A., Kidane, E. G., Reja, A., Abdela, A. A., & Ahmed, A. A. (2025). Effectiveness of diabetes self-management education and support interventions on glycemic levels among people living with type 2 diabetes in the WHO African Region: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare, 6, 1554524. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcdhc.2025.1554524
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Xiomara Dolores Mena Rosales, José Luis Canto Ramírez (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
