Factores asociados al riesgo de abandono escolar y su relación con el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de tercero de BGU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70625/rlce/624Keywords:
Abandono escolar, Rendimiento académico, Educación media, Permanencia estudiantilAbstract
La presente investigación analizó la relación entre los factores asociados al riesgo de abandono escolar y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de tercer año de Bachillerato General Unificado de una institución educativa del cantón Salitre, Ecuador. El estudio se desarrolló mediante un enfoque cuantitativo, con alcance descriptivo, diseño no experimental y corte transversal. La población estuvo constituida por 51 estudiantes, de los cuales se seleccionó una muestra de 45 participantes mediante criterios de inclusión y exclusión aplicados a través de muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple con un nivel de confianza del 95%. La técnica empleada fue la encuesta y el instrumento consistió en un cuestionario con escala Likert de cinco niveles integrado por 12 ítems, distribuidos en 6 ítems para la variable factores asociados al riesgo de abandono escolar y 6 ítems para la variable rendimiento académico. Los resultados evidenciaron una tendencia moderadamente favorable hacia la permanencia educativa, debido a que la mayoría de los estudiantes manifestó compromiso con sus actividades académicas y disposición para continuar sus estudios. Se concluyó que la motivación, el acompañamiento pedagógico y la organización del aprendizaje influyen en el rendimiento académico y contribuyen a reducir el riesgo de abandono escolar.
Downloads
References
Abdulla, S. A. (2024). Factors contributing to educational failure among secondary school students. Journal of Educational Research. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11401616/
Aranda, C. B. C. (2024). Causes associated with school dropping of students. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/10286614.pdf
Arco-Tirado, J. L., Fernández-Martín, F. D., & Hervás-Torres, M. (2025). Secondary school dropout prevention through service-learning: A cluster randomized trial. Studies in Educational Evaluation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2025.101177
Barragán Moreno, S. P., Guzmán Rincón, A., Calderón Carmona, G. P., González Támara, L., & Lozano Galindo, O. L. (2025). Identifying key variables of student dropout in preschool, primary, secondary, and high school education: An umbrella review approach. European Journal of Educational Research, 14(2), 585–600. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.14.2.585
Barrios, F., Muñoz, J., Balladares, C., & Carazas, C. (2026). Academic self-efficacy in students: A systematic review. Revista InveCom, 6(1), 1-11. https://zenodo.org/records/15232934
Bayrakçeken, E., & Kılıç, D. (2025). School dropout among children aged 5–17 in Türkiye: Evidence from demographic and socioeconomic factors. Children and Youth Services Review. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12392480/
Benner, A., Boyle, A., & Bakhtiari, F. (2024). Dropout epidemic—Who is not graduating high school. Education and Urban Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/10567879241262754
Boniphace, S., Lupeja, T., & Nkuba, N. (2026). Trend analysis of factors influencing student dropout in public secondary schools. International Journal of Research Studies in Education. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2025.25312
Buenaño, E. (2025). Determinant factors of academic performance in higher education students. SAGE Open. https://doi.org/10.1177/15381927251392101
Cai, Z., et al. (2025). Academic resilience and academic performance: the mediating role of teacher support. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1463643
Carroza-Pacheco, A. M., et al. (2025). Academic performance and resilience in secondary education students. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12113049/
Kocsis, Á. (2025). Factors influencing academic performance and dropout persistence. Oxford Review of Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2024.2316616
Korkmaz, Ö., & Aydın, M. N. (2025). Detection of early school dropout in vocational and technical high schools using machine learning techniques. SAGE Open. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251370443
Lei, W., et al. (2022). Academic self-efficacy and academic performance among high school students. Psychology in the Schools, 59(5), 885-899. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22653
Majcík, M., & Babyrádová, V. (2025). The rising issue of dropouts from upper secondary vocational schools in the Czech Republic: Perspectives of career counsellors. Journal of Vocational Education & Training. https://www.tandfonline.com/journals/rjve20
Núñez-Naranjo, A. F., et al. (2024). Determinant factors in student dropout. Frontiers in Education. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1444534
Paura, L. (2025). Analysis of student dropout risk in higher education. Data Journal. https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/10/7/110
Piscitello, J., et al. (2022). A mediated approach to understanding high school dropout. Children and Youth Services Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106512
Psyridou, M., et al. (2024). Machine learning predicts upper secondary education dropout. https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.14663
Ranasinghe, K. (2025). Improving student persistence in open and distance learning. Open Praxis. https://openpraxis.org/articles/850/files/6925b08a6d644.pdf
Tareke, T. G., Oo, T. Z., & Jozsa, K. (2025). Bridging theoretical gaps to improve students’ academic success in higher education. International Journal of Educational Research Open. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2025.100510
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Carmen Pilar Jiménez Bailón, Lucrecia Sobeida Valero Casquete, Gladis Beatriz Medina Narváez, Mariela Angélica Landa Souza, Kleber Ulfredo Villamar Salazar, Christian Antonio Arévalo Moncada (Autor/a)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
